When someone suddenly collapses, it can be alarming and confusing. Was it a seizure? Was it fainting (syncope)? The two can look similar, but the underlying causes and treatments are very different. At Grove Neurology, we help patients and families understand these conditions so the right care can be provided quickly.
What Is Syncope?
Syncope, commonly known as fainting, happens when there is a temporary drop in blood flow to the brain. This can occur due to dehydration, sudden standing, low blood pressure, heart rhythm changes, or even strong emotional stress. Typically, the episode is brief, and the person regains consciousness quickly once blood flow is restored.
What Is a Seizure?
A seizure is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Unlike fainting, it is not simply a blood flow issue. Seizures can take many forms, from full-body convulsions to brief staring spells. They may also be followed by a period of confusion, fatigue, or memory gaps, known as the post-ictal phase.
Key Differences Between Seizures and Syncope
While both can cause sudden loss of consciousness, some clues can help tell them apart:
Onset: Syncope often comes with warning signs like dizziness, blurred vision, or nausea. Seizures may have an aura (unusual smell, taste, or feeling) but sometimes occur without warning.
During the Event: Syncope usually involves going limp and collapsing. Seizures may include stiffening, jerking, or unusual movements such as chewing or lip smacking.
Duration: Syncope is usually very brief, with rapid recovery. Seizures last longer and are often followed by confusion or drowsiness.
Recovery: Syncope patients usually feel normal within minutes. Seizure patients may take hours to fully recover.
How We Diagnose at Grove Neurology
Because these episodes can look similar, proper testing is essential. At Grove Neurology, we use:
- Detailed history and witness accounts – What symptoms occurred before, during, and after?
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) – To detect abnormal brain activity suggestive of seizures.
- Cardiac evaluation – Heart monitoring, EKG, or echocardiogram if syncope is suspected.
- Imaging and labs – MRI or CT scans, blood tests to rule out other causes.
Why Getting the Right Diagnosis Matters
Misdiagnosing a seizure as syncope, or vice versa, can delay critical treatment. For seizures, medication may be needed to prevent future episodes. For syncope, addressing heart health, hydration, or blood pressure control may be the key.
When to Seek Immediate Help
Call emergency services if:
- The episode lasts more than a few minutes
- The person does not wake up promptly
- There is injury from the fall
- Breathing problems occur
- This is the first event
Takeaway
Both seizures and syncope are significant medical events that should always be evaluated by a physician. With an accurate diagnosis, patients can receive effective treatment, reduce potential risks, and regain confidence in their health.
Dr. Lerman is a board-certified Epileptologist. If you think you may have experienced a seizure, book an appointment for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan just for you.
